A Chinese memory chipmaker most people outside the semiconductor industry have never heard of just had one of the wildest stock market debuts in recent memory.

Shares of CXMT surged on their first day of trading, with Yahoo Finance reporting a jump of more than 500% and The New York Times putting the rise at 470% at the start of trading. The BBC reports that the surge was enough to make CXMT mainland China's most valuable listed firm.

The company makes memory chips — the components that store data and feed it to processors. That category has become one of the tightest bottlenecks in the artificial intelligence buildout, because AI systems consume enormous amounts of high-speed memory. The Wall Street Journal describes CXMT as a maker of chips "sought by Apple," a signal that its products are drawing interest from the world's largest device makers, not just domestic buyers.

Swiss outlet Bluewin frames the debut as a direct product of the AI race, noting that the competition for artificial intelligence is pushing tech stocks to unprecedented heights and that CXMT's listing is a historic one for China.

Not everyone thinks the price has run too far. Morningstar published analysis arguing that CXMT is an undervalued China memory chip stock — a striking position given how far the shares moved on day one.

Why it matters: a homegrown Chinese memory chipmaker vaulting to the top of the mainland market — with Apple reportedly among the companies eyeing its chips — suggests China's push to build its own semiconductor supply chain is starting to produce companies that global tech giants can't easily ignore.